How heavily weight factors into prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men, except for skin cancer. This year, about 248,530 men in the United States will be diagnosed with prostate cancer.

When diagnosed early, though, the five-year survival rate for prostate cancer is nearly 100 percent.

Except, that is if you are obese.

For over a decade, research studies have found a strong connection between obesity and the aggressiveness of prostate cancer.

The reasons are still being explored, but the connection is undeniable.

A landmark study and the obesity and prostate cancer connection

In 2003, a landmark study by the American Cancer Society showed that obese people are at increased risk for death from several kinds of cancer, including prostate cancer.

The authors of this study stated: “On the basis of associations observed in this study, we estimate that current patterns of overweight and obesity in the United States could account for 14 percent of all deaths from cancer in men and 20 percent of those in women.”

That’s a lot of deaths that could have been prevented with some healthy lifestyle adjustments.

Prostate cancer in men was one of the cancers that was associated with an increased risk of death when a man carried extra weight.

Other researchers have picked up the ball and continued to shed light on this connection.

More proof that obesity and prostate cancer go hand in hand

In 2004, Dr. Steven Freedland, a urologist who was at that time associated with Johns Hopkins Medical Center, published an extensive review of the existing literature on the relationship between prostate cancer and obesity.

He found that:

• Obesity is associated not only with excess body fat but also with altered blood levels of various hormones, including testosterone, estrogen, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and leptin, all of which have to some degree been linked to prostate cancer.
• The majority of the epidemiologic literature suggests that obesity might be related to the risk of getting prostate cancer. However, it is clearly associated with an increased risk of dying from the disease once it develops.
• Leptin and adiponectin are hormones that are secreted by fat cells. Obese men tend to secrete more leptin and less adiponectin, and both of these were associated with larger, more advanced tumors when prostate cancer was diagnosed.
• The strongest dietary risk factor for prostate cancer is consuming animal products. In fact, as men in other countries have adopted a more Western lifestyle and diet, more cases of prostate cancer have been diagnosed, and the mortality rate has gone up.

Abdominal fat is worse

More recently, a Canadian research team examined data from a survey conducted in Montreal between 2005 and 2012. They observed that abdominal obesity, or fat around the midsection, was associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer.

Eric Vallières is a Université de Montréal student conducting his doctoral research at Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), and the study’s main author.

He says, “Abdominal obesity causes hormonal and metabolic variations that can promote the growth of hormone-dependent cancer cells. “Abdominal obesity is believed to be associated with a decrease in testosterone, as well as a state of chronic inflammation linked to the development of aggressive tumors.”

Changes to make now for a healthier prostate

This research gives men some clear guidance on how to change their diet to prevent prostate cancer, or to increase their chances of survival if they do have the disease.

Here, Dr. Geo Espinoza explains how the Mediterranean diet is good for your prostate.

And here, he lists seven of the worst foods for prostate health.

But changing your diet may not be enough, meaning you may need to get moving. HIIT workouts have shown success in help men lose belly fat. But if you can’t handle too much cardio, a study at Harvard shows that men who do about 20 minutes of daily weight-lifting put on less belly fat as they age than other men who do 20 minutes a day of aerobic activities like running, walking or biking.

Sources:

Prostate cancer linked to obesity — Medical Xpress

General and abdominal obesity trajectories across adulthood, and risk of prostate cancer: results from the PROtEuS study, Montreal, Canada — Cancer Causes & Control